What You Dont Know About Samples of Explanation Essay

What You Don't Know About Samples of Explanation Essay A History of Samples of Explanation Essay Refuted A process analysis essay denotes the form of academic writing, which has a thorough description of the specific process in the form of the step-by-step guide. In conclusion, in order to analyze a literary piece, you want the ability to be in a position to read between the lines of the job. There are special words and word combination utilized for analytical purposes which ought to be learned also. When you choose the procedure you wish to concentrate on, you then need to earn a list of steps necessary to attain the aims of the activity. After all essential preparations and revision you might be sure your essay is nicely completed. A concept essay is a kind of a literary essay piece that's utilised to present an idea or a topic with the sole goal of providing a very clear definition and explanation. To begin with, if you're writing definition essay you will need to pick ou t a topic which will be interesting. Although explanatory essays by nature must follow the facts, creativity cannot be underestimated. It is preferable to select the main sources. Among other kinds of essays, it is among the simplest to write. At times it just helps to observe how others have tackled essays previously. `Informative essays are available in many forms,' she explained. The Basic Principles of Samples of Explanation Essay That You Will be Able to Benefit From Starting Immediately Such personal aspect can be an exceptional person, a substantial location, or an important object. Make certain you make a comprehensive interpretation of each process in the most fascinating way so to capture the interest of your reader. The capability to share something from your head is certainly a plausible act. You should bear in mind that most physical object has definitions that are similar for most people, and so you will write about something, that usually don't have another opinion. The Argument About Samples of Explanation Essay If for some reason it's not, the outcome can be acommercialcatastrophe. Any c riteria ought to be based on consensus between the customer and the team. There is, in addition, the simple fact that since it's overseen by the court it's a public procedure. Make sure you at least get a guarantee of plagiarism free work and in the event that you are able to spend some time and make certain that it is possible to confirm the plagiarism state of the paper before using it. The Downside Risk of Samples of Explanation Essay The strategy is identical. There is very little to say regarding the process essay outline because the structure repeats the actions needed to finish a particular procedure. Logically, the body is the major portion of an analysis essay. It is vital that you select a word that will supply you with plenty to write about, and there are some standard tactics you may utilize to elaborate on the term. The length and necessities of your essay are especially vital in understanding how you should structure the job. There are an endless number of words that may be defined in the period of an essay. The outline of the definition essay will be different depending on the intricacy of the topic. It must be thorough and long. You have to pay attention to each detail when you are opting for a topic! The first thing which you've got to do is think of a topic that you wish to right about. As soon as you decided on the subject, it's the right time to sit down and spend a few hours or more based on the assignment's volume on the informative essay outline. At precisely the same time, if you'll decide on some abstract thing for a topic for your essay, you should know this thing has different meaning to different individuals. The word appears interesting enough so as a sensible student you choose to look this up in the dictionary. You develop an answer and explain why you're right. Once you own a topic, you need to make a decision as to what way you need to approach it. Topics can change depending on your majors. People within any culture are predicted to understand the correct action to do. It is not an individual or personal experience, but it is a way of uniting people who share the same learned experiences within a community. Both, though, will agree that culture is the method of humanity. People within a particular culture may convert to another religion, which might not have been there in prior generations. Understanding human culture is essential as it enables people from various societies to understand each other. The accumulation of knowledge continues, clearly, but just in the subjects where it's not possible to avoid, for instance, history and literature, which are being expanded all of the time. All cultures have various types of social organizations. It was simple to recognize the cultural elements of a particular culture, as they were distinct and unique to that culture alone.

The Impact Of National Relations Labor Act ( Nlra ) And...

Labor Legislation in the 20th Century Much of what we know about the improvements in the workforce came from 20th century advancements with the workforce that we know today. Important developments came in the form of methodology and data collection efforts. The 20th century was a remarkable period for the American workers. Despite the initial stages of labor management, working conditions, wages and benefits improved over the last century with the workforce increasing six fold over the period (Gould, 1986). This research will focus on impacts of National Relations Labor Act (NLRA) and the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) enacted in the 20th century, including major circumstances that led to the intent of the legislation. In†¦show more content†¦The law was enacted on July 5, 1935 (Gould, 1986). Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) Considered to be a landmark, in 1938 President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Fair Labor Standards Act. The nation was experiencing social and economic development of judicial opposition and depression. This law set national minimum wages and maximum hours workers can be required to work. Incorporated into this law are overtime pay and established standards to prevent child-labor abuse. Consequently, in 1963 an amendment was made to this law, which prohibited wage discrimination against women. Implications Surrounding the Law NLRA was considered to be the law that affected the relationship among the federal government and private enterprise; this measure considerably increased the government’s powers to arbitrate in labor relations. Prior to this law, employers had the emancipation to chastise, spy on, question for no reason and fire union members. Work stoppages commenced in the mid 1930’s (Gould, 1986), which included striking by factory and industrial occupational workers. By the time the strikes came to a halt, America had a more conservative Congress. This Congress led to balance the power between employers and unions. While the Wagner Act addressed only unfair labor practices by employers, it was added to the enactment of

Crtical Analysis Of Journal On Motivation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Crtical Analysis Of Journal On Motivation. Answer: Main Theme The journal is based on the ways by which the efficiency of an employee can be increased with the help of motivation. Motivation plays an important role in developing the productivity of employees, which in turn has a positive effect on the organization as a whole. The importance of motivation in the workplace has increased in the current business environment as compared to the previous times. The workforce in an organization comprises of people from diverse backgrounds and generations as well. The importance of motivation has therefore increased much more in this case. The emotional and social intelligence of the supervisors or managers play an important role in the motivation of the employees. Supporting Facts The organizations are trying to survive in the ever-changing and highly competitive business environment. The managers of the company are highly skilled in their own fields and they are also highly educated. However, the connection that they have with the employees is the major factor that affects the motivation levels. The challenges related to retention of employees is quite common for the different organizations whether it is a small or big sized organization. The differences in the generations of employees is a major problem with respect to the levels of motivation that need to be provided. The ways of providing successful motivation to the employees in a multigenerational workforce is a challenge for the organizations. The emotional and social intelligence of the supervisors or the managers is an important factor that affects the motivation that is provided to employees. The different generations that are present in the multigenerational organization are divided into four types namely, Traditionalist, Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y. The multigenerational workplace has many advantages and disadvantages as well. The managers need to play an important role in managing this workforce. The success of a multigenerational workplace depends on the ways by which the managers understand the challenges and dynamics of the differences between the generations. The major challenge that is faced in these types of organizations is the levels of communication between the employees of different generations. Ten Specialized Terms 1. Multigenerational Workforce The multigenerational workforce mainly consists of four different groups of people mainly, The Traditionalists, The Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y. The motivation levels, perspectives, needs and the attitudes of the employees in the different groups are diverse in nature. The traditionalists are those who are present in the organization for a long and are hard working. They prove to be good team players and are able to work together effectively. The ways by which the traditionalists react and process the information differs from the younger group of people. The baby boomers are mainly the leaders of the company. This group of people are work-centric and loyal in nature. The employees belonging to the generation X have entered the organization after their traditionalists and baby boomers. They have different ethics related to work and their culture is also quite different. The employees of the Generation Y group are the newest entries in the company. These employees are crea tive, tech-savvy, smart and optimistic. The major goals of the organizations consisting of multigenerational workforce is to manage the employees of all the generations in an effective way. 2. Employee Motivation Employee motivation is mainly related to the levels of commitment, creativity and energy that is brought by the workers of the company. The organization always needs to find ways by which they can motivate the employees irrespective of the economic condition. Employee motivation is related to the internal and intrinsic drive so that the necessary actions and efforts related to work-related activities can be put forward. The levels of employee motivation can act as a major problem for the for the small sized organizations. The various factors related to motivation involve the add-ins that are provided to the employees. The various motivational methods include, empowerment, innovation and creativity, quality of life, learning and monetary incentives. Monetary incentives are not always enough for the motivation of employees. Non-monetary rewards can the organizations in fostering team spirit and increasing the recognition, advancement and recognition of the employees. 3. Social intelligence Social intelligence is related to the ways by which the managers can influence and motivate the employees of the organization. Managers of an organization who are socially intelligent mainly focus on the employees by motivating them to provide high performance levels. The managers help the employees to develop their potential. The leaders of the organization demonstrate the kind of behaviour which they expect from the employees. The social intelligence related skills of the managers help them in the establishment of a workplace culture that is exceptional in nature. The organizations which are socially intelligent have deep understanding related to the factors that motivate the employees and use the diversity of the employees for the profitability of the organization. Social intelligence can further in creating identity for the employees and develop their interpersonal skills in the process. This process helps in theself-management of employees and enable them to work effectively. 4. Emotional intelligence Emotional intelligence is considered as a tool which can help the managers of the organizations in the successful recruitment of employees and their retention as well. The emotional intelligence of the managers plays an important in the multigenerational organizations. The mind-sets of the employees are different and emotional intelligence helps the managers in understanding the different perspectives and react accordingly. The managers who have a high level of emotional intelligence can determine the needs of the employees and further take actions to fulfil them. The leaders with high levels of emotional intelligence try to make time to understand the employees and take care of their needs. 5. Generational differences The generational differences in an organization can act as a major challenge for the managers. The opinions of the employees belonging to different generations are also different and they many ways of managing these differences. The communication style that is followed by the managers and the employees can help in managing the differences in generations. The employees and the managers of the organizations also need to adapt to the changes in the internal and external environment. The technical skills that are possessed by the managers play a major role in the ways by which they can manage the difference between the employees. 6. Transformational leadership Transformational leadership is related to all the levels of the organization and it plays an important role in the management of employees. The leaders and managers who depict transformational leadership have inspiring nature and are daring as well. The transformational leaders have a charismatic approach in the organization. The four major factors that are depicted by the transformational leaders are intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, idealized influence and individual consideration. The promotion of the values, mission and vision of the company is related to inspirational motivation. The encouragement that is provided by the leaders to the employees so that they be creative and innovative is related to intellectual stimulation. The ways by which the leaders influence their followers and act as role models is defined by idealized influence. The managers can act as the mentors for the employees and provide them with rewards for their innovation and creativity. 7. Monetary rewards Monetary incentives are provided to the employees to motivate them regarding the various work processes. Money is considered as a major source of motivation for the employees of an organization. The social needs of the employees are also satisfied easily with the help of monetary rewards provided by the organization. Money acts a positive incentive that can be provided to the employees so that they can fulfil their personal needs. Monetary rewards are effective in motivating the employees within a broad area of industries. The organization also has many different ways by which they can motivate the employees. The monetary rewards can be provided in various forms including, gift certificates, cash rewards and many more. The reach of monetary motivation is also quite high and it has the ability to motivate the employees of the lowest levels up to those of the highest levels as well. 8. Employee morale Employee morale can also be defined as the levels of job satisfaction of the employees, the well-being of the employees. This factor plays an important role in increasing the productivity of the employees and in turn increase the revenues of the company. The high levels of employee morale are related to the positive attitude that they have towards the organization. The various components related to the increase of employee morale are linked to the environment of the organization. The morale of the employees is high if they have confidence on the capability of the leadership of their organization. The employees need to feel as a part of the organization. The organization has to involve the employees in the important decisions so that their morale can be high. The levels of interaction of the employees with their managers also play a major role in increasing their morale. Effective interpersonal relationships between the managers and the employees helps in boosting their morale. 9. Employee engagement Employee engagement is related to the approach in the workplace which results in the right condition of the employees so that they can give their best to the organization. The engagement levels of the employees are based on integrity, trust, communication and two-way commitment with the organization. The approach of employee engagement helps in increasing the chances related to the success of the business. This factor contributes towards the improvement of the performance of the individuals and the organization. Employee engagement is related to the understanding of the role that an individual play in the organization. The employee engagement can be increased by the organization by including the employees in the various decisions and providing them with regular feedback. The organizations which have high levels of employee engagement possess authentic and strong values. The levels of trust that between the employees and the organizations are also quite high. Employee engagement can a lso be related to the positive behaviour and the attitudes of the employees which further result in positive outcome in the business. The loyalty and pride that the employees feel towards their working in the company is also related to employee engagement. The ideas and the knowledge of the employees can be used appropriately with the help of employee engagement. This factor can also help in reducing the absence rates and employee turnover in an organization. 10. Organizational culture Organizational culture mainly involves the experiences, expectations, philosophy, values that can hold the organization together as a whole. The ways by which the organizations can conduct their business activities are also related to the culture of the organization. The levels of freedom that is allowed in the development of new ideas, making decisions are related directly to the organizational culture. The hierarchy of the employees in the organization and process of information flow are also defined by the culture that is followed. The commitment levels of the employees towards the various objectives and goals of the organization are a major part of the organizational culture. Reflection According to me innovation plays an important in improving the performance of the employees and in turn increase the revenue of the organization. The productivity of the employees can be increased with the help of motivation that is provided by the managers of the organization. The organizations which have a diverse workforce which consists of employees belonging to different, cultures, backgrounds and generations also need to have high levels of motivation so that the employees can perform effectively. The managers play the most important role in managing the employees belonging to a multigenerational workforce. The social and the emotional intelligence of the managers comes into play when they need to manage a diverse workforce. The managers who have high levels of social intelligence can understand the needs and the desires of the employees of the various generations and act accordingly. The emotional intelligence can help in the increase of the productivity of the employees who a re a part of the diverse workforce. I think that the supervisors of the organizations can be able to manage the employees effectively if they have high levels of social and emotional intelligence. The employees of a multigenerational workforce have different needs based on their experience of work and ways by which they react to the different situations in the organization. I am also a part of a multigenerational workforce where my co-workers belong to various age groups and backgrounds. However, the effectivemanagement by our supervisors have always enabled us to work with each other in a peaceful manner. The positive attitude of the employees and the energy in the organization helps us to become much more productive in nature. The employees also have to understand their own motivating factors and try to improve them so that they can give their 100% performance in the organization. Monetary motivation is a major factor of motivation for the employees of any organization. However, a ccording to me non-monetary motivation is equally important for the organizations in the competitive environment. The six different non-monetary incentives related to the organizations in the modern business environment are, flexibility, recognition, training, belongingness, chances to contribute and the fringe benefits. These benefits can also help in providing the required motivation to the employees so that their efficiency can be increased. I can therefore say that the motivation related factors are important for the employees of an organization so that they provide the maximum levels of performance and increase the revenues of the company. References Njoroge, C. N., Yazdanifard, R. (2014). The impact of social and emotional intelligence on employee motivation in a multigenerational workplace. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 6(4), 163.

Animal Farm Essay 11 Essay Example

Animal Farm Essay 11 Essay Task Four: Written production essay Tina Youssef Book authors don’t just write texts for the benefit and pleasure to those who read it. However, they write texts to convey a particular message towards their intended audience. Through the use of certain themes which they construct, authors of texts are able to effectively develop these themes using the techniques of propaganda and the satirical and allegorical representations of certain characters. In the self-proclaimed novel, ‘Animal Farm’, the author George Orwell uses his allegorical farm to symbolise the communist system. Animal farm was published at the beginning of World War II, in England in 1945 and in the United States in 1946. George Orwell wrote the book during the war as a cautionary fable in order to expose the seriousness of the dangers posed by the totalitarian government. The novel ‘Animal Farm’ centres on a group of animals, who decide to fulfil Old Major’s dream of a rebellion and drive out Mr Jones, in an attempt to run the farm themselves with the pigs in control. Orwell personifies the animals in the tradition of the allegory so that they symbolise real historical figures. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Farm Essay 11 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Farm Essay 11 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Farm Essay 11 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One of Orwell’s main messages is about how the ability to change and twist language can contribute to the abuse of power. Orwell effectively constructs this theme through the allegorical characterisations of the pigs, propaganda techniques and satire. In Animal Farm, the pigs gradually twist and distort their way into the minds of the other animals to justify their behaviours through the use of persuasive speeches which in turn are unanswerable and unarguable leaving them in the dark. Squealer, a strong-minded pig is well-known among the other animals. As one of the main allegorical characters in the novel, Orwell uses Squealer to criticize the dictators of the communist system. Like Stalin, he is able to persuade people to believe him willingly. Squealer is known to ‘turn black into white’, especially in his lively speeches where he is known to incorporate bad situations into good situations. The animals of the farm lovingly embrace Old Major’s dream to start a rebellion after Major dies. However, soon after his death, the pigs gradually twist his words of wisdom into words of the abuse of power. As a result, the animals are unable to oppose the strong words of the pigs; however they do not oppose the ideas of the rebellion. Squealers speech on milk and apples in particular is a great example of how the abuse of language contributes to the abuse of power. Squealer argues that the milk and apples must be taken to preserve their health, containing substances which are absolutely necessary for the well-being of a pig. The following major techniques of propaganda are successfully used in Squealers speech on milk and apples to persuade the animals to believe him including inclusive language, lying and identifying the enemy. Squealer uses the technique inclusive language in the quote ‘it is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples’ (pg. 25). Here Squealer creates a sense of unity amongst the animals in the farm effectively explaining to them that most of the things they do is for their sake. Therefore, the animals are naive as they believe Squealer and the rest of the pigs health is dependent on them and so therefore they are willing to allow the pigs to preserve the milk and apples for themselves. The technique lying is used in the quote ‘you do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? (pg. 25). Here squealer insists that they are not preserving the milk and apples for themselves for the sake of selfishness and privilege when in actual fact, they are preserving the milk and apples for the sake of greed and to reduce the risk of starvation. The animals however, are too dumbfounded to easily notice this because of the w ay in which squealers ability to change and twist language controls them. Squealer further controls the animals by identifying their enemy ‘Jones’ in the quote ‘do you know what would happen if we pigs failed our duty? Jones would come back! (pg. 25). Here Squealer clearly identifies the enemy ‘Jones’ which the animals utterly dislike and will obey any orders from the pig’s so long as he does not return. Squealer again effectively dumbfounds the animals into thinking that if the milk and apples aren’t given to the pigs, then Jones will be back for sure. Orwell also develops the theme that the abuse of language can contribute to the abuse of power in another of Squealers speeches on Napoleons honourable leadership. Squealer argues that the animals should willingly accept the leadership qualities Napoleon controls them with and that they should be disciplined so that the wrong decisions aren’t made. The following major techniques of propaganda are successfully used in Squealers speech on the qualities of maintaining leadership to persuade the animals to believe him including inclusive language, scape goating and persuasive language. Squealer uses inclusive language in the quote ‘comrades, he said, one false step, and our enemies would be upon us. Surely comrades, you do not want Jones back? ’ (pg. 40) In Squealers dominating speech, he again creates a sense of unity with the animals on the farm and allows them to be positive and look forward and not feel powerless against Napoleon or Jones for that matter. The technique scape goating is used in the quote ‘snowball, who as we know, was no better than a criminal’ (pg. 41) Squealer has no proof that Snowball is a criminal and therefore blames all the problems and conflicts on Snowball, distracting the animals from much of the important issues at hand. Even when the farm animals point out that Snowball fought bravely in the ‘Battle of the Cowshed’, Squealers reply is too overpowering for the animals to say anything. This contributes to the way in which Squealer effectively changes and twists language to put himself in power. By using persuasive language in his speech ‘bravery is not enough, loyalty and disobedience are more important’ (pg. 41), Squealer is able to effectively persuade the animals to do what is right by napoleon and to take a certain position on the issue that loyalty and obedience are important when it comes to discipline. Orwell effectively develops the message that the abuse of language can contribute to the abuse of power through the use of allegorical character representations of Squealer as Stalin, who are both persuasive and strong-minded speakers and satirical representations to help explain that there are people in society who expose this abuse of language and manipulate others as an instrument of control to keep themselves in power. He makes us realise that we must take into account the sort of language that people twist to abuse power through their use of persuasive language, which in turn makes them more powerful. Therefore we should open up when we have a decent point to make which we know will change their way of speaking. From the very beginning of the novel, we become aware of educations role in stratifying animal farms population. This is another one of Orwell’s messages about how the ability of being intelligent and educated can later be used as tools of oppression. Orwell achieves this proposition through the characterisation of the pigs, propaganda techniques and the allegorical and satirical representations of characters, to symbolise the communist system and to allow us to realise that indeed communism is not equality. Following Major’s death, the pigs are the ones who take on the task of organising and mobilizing the others animals into doing what they want them to do because they are ‘generally realised as being the cleverest of the animals’ (pg. 35). At first the pigs are loyal to their fellow animals and to the rebellion cause. Faithfully, they translate Major’s vision into the ‘Seven Commandments of Animalism’. However, it is not long before the pig’s intelligence and education turn from tools of enlightenment to implements of oppression. Squealer represents the totalitarian government, a propaganda machine. Like Stalin, Squealer is a persuasive speaker and is able to manipulate the animals under his authority to do what he wants them to do, as a result, contributing to their own oppression. As persuasive and outspoken as he is, Squealer can make the animals believe almost anything in his way of ‘skipping from side to side and whisking his tail which was somehow very persuasive’ (pg. 11). This fact is especially clear in Squealers interactions with Clover and Muriel. Each time Clover suspects that the Seven Commandments have been changed; Squealer manages to convince her that she is wrong. Clover hears that the pigs not only take meals in the kitchen and use the drawing room as a recreation room, but sleep in the beds of the farm house. Thinking there is a definite rule against beds, she willingly asks Muriel to read her the fourth commandment which is changed from ‘No animal shall sleep in a bed’ to ‘No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets’. Soon enough Squealer explains to the animals that the pigs are officially allowed to sleep in the farmhouse beds. The following major techniques of propaganda are used in Squealers speech including inclusive language, identifying the enemy and lying. At the start of Squealers speech, he creates a sense of unity amongst the farm animals in the quote; ‘I can tell you, comrades, with all the brainwork we have to do nowadays. You would not rob us of our repose, would you comrades? ’ (pg. 50). Squealer distorts his way through the minds of the animals and makes them think that they are too grateful and would not go against the pigs sleeping in the beds of the farm house, seeing as it is worth the brainwork they incorporate into the lives of the animals. Just like in all of Squealers speeches, he identifies the enemy in the quote ‘surely none of you wishes to see Jones back? (pg. 50). Squealer knows how much the animals dislike Jones and will do anything for him not to come back. Hence, the reason Squealer incorporates the use of Jones to brainwash the animals minds into thinking that if the pigs don’t sleep on the farm house beds then Jones will be back for sure. Towards the end of the novel, the animals are completely brainwashed to question the authority of the pigs and so Squealer is able to trick the animals into thinking the fourth commandment hasn’t been changed when in actual fact it has. The technique lying is used in the quote ‘the rule was against sheets, which are a human invention’ (pg. 50). Squealer insists the fourth commandment is that ‘no animal shall sleep on beds with sheets’ which dumfounds the animals and makes them realise that they haven’t learnt the commandments right when in actual fact the commandment is changed without them knowing. Another example of the contribution of the manipulation of language in the novel is the maxim that replaces the seven commandments; ‘all animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others. pg. 97) The idea of ‘more equal’ is a senseless manipulation of language, but by this time, the animals are too brainwashed to notice. The idea that some animals are more equal than others is developed in the text; ‘it did not seem strange when napoleon was seen strolling in the farm house garden with a pipe in his mouth – no, not even when the pigs took Mr jon es clothes out of the wardrobes and put them on, napoleon himself appearing in a black coat, ratcatcher breeches and leather leggings†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(pg. 98) Orwell effectively develops the message that those who are unable, or unwilling, to question authority, contribute to their own oppression through the use of the allegorical character representation of Squealer who like Stalin is a powerful and manipulative speaker, propaganda techniques and satire. Orwell makes us realise that both intelligence and education are extremely powerful tools of oppression and whilst also being an important part of life, they can contribute to the oppression of others’ lives. Through the use of these techniques, Orwell explains that there are some people in society, who expose their intelligence and education to their fullest extent to oppress others who they know, are not able to question authority unwillingly. Therefore we should willingly question authority no matter how intelligent or well-educated we are, if we know that the point we are trying to make is valid, to avoid oppression. Authors of texts construct themes and develop them to portray a message to their intended audience using the techniques of propaganda and the satirical and allegorical representations of certain characters. In the novel Animal Farm, Orwell rewrites history in the representation of certain animals as historical figures from history, warning us about the ways in which power can be abused by individuals. Therefore we are encouraged to take a stance on the message that George Orwell provides us with and reflect on it in our everyday lives.

Madame X essays

Madame X essays The work of art I will be describing will be Madame X, by John Singer Sargent, was done in 1884, on an oil canvas, page 59. I will be describing the work of art as it appears in our text. The painting is of a lady standing with her hand gripping the edge of a small circular table, slightly above her knees, set on her right side. The picture was done in many different shades of black, grays, and white. The back round appears to be a room with nothing on the wall or floor. The wall is a dark shade of gray and then gradually lightens as it meets with the floor. Where the floor meets with the wall the floor appears to be a dark shade of gray and then gradually lightens as it moves forward to where the lady is standing and to where the painting is cut off as its base. The painting is extremely vivid and almost looks like a photograph, it is extremely detailed and realistic. The lady is standing with her hand on the table as I described above, with her hand of the small table to he r right, she has her head turned to her left as if she is looking at something or is simply camera shy. She appears to be what we commonly refer to as white or Caucasian, she has her hair done up in some kind of elegant braid, and she is wearing some kind of elegant gown or dress. Her hair appears to be black, she has petite facial features and is fairly attractive. The straps to her dress are of a gold chain-like configuration and are fasined to the dress with intricate buttons. The dress fits her hour-glass figure fairly snug, the dress appears to be black and is made so life-like by the light shadowing effect that the painter has incorporated. Her breasts appear to be fairly large, she has a small waste and the dress poofs out a bit around her back side, excentuating her hour-glass figure, the dress then flows down to the ground, hiding her feet by the shadowing. The tab...

What Is Content Hacking (How to Be a Content Hacker) - CoSchedule

What Is Content Hacking (How to Be a Content Hacker) Have you ever heard of growth hacking? Its a  marketing technique developed by technology startups that uses creativity, analytical thinking, and social metrics to sell products and gain exposure. Its a bit scrappy, and completely focused on results. Does that sound familiar? Growth hacking isnt too far off from its counterpart, content marketing, a technique that we all know and love. In fact, its so close that it just might call for an entirely new breed of hacker:  The content hacker. Wait, hacking? Cant you go to jail for that? #ContentHacker = A growth-focused content marketer. #growthhacking #infographicListen, if you want your blog to grow, you may want to learn a thing or two from the content hacker. He or she is traffic-obsessed and focused on nothing but growth. In my upcoming book,  The 10x Marketing Formula, I describe in depth how to combine the best of growth hacking and content marketing. Heres an excerpt from the book that sheds more light on how to become a content hacker. Becoming A Content Hacker In 2010, Sean Ellis, co-author of Hacking Growth and CEO of GrowthHackers, coined the term growth hacking in a blog post entitled, â€Å"Find a Growth Hacker for Your Startup.† Ellis wrote: â€Å"A growth hacker is a person whose true north is growth. Everything they do is scrutinized by its potential impact on scalable growth.† He further explained, â€Å"An effective growth hacker also needs to be disciplined to follow a growth hacking process of prioritizing ideas (their own and others in the company), testing the ideas, and being analytical enough to know which tested growth drivers to keep and which ones to cut. The faster this process can be repeated, the more likely they’ll find scalable, repeatable ways to grow the business.† From its inception, growth hacking described people whose sole focus is growth. And whose process is a thousand short-sprints that methodically test ideas. Keeping what works; killing what doesn’t. Growth hacking has never been code for being irresponsible and unaccountable. Running fast doesn’t mean running without strategy. But strategy in this context isn’t traditional fare. In marketing, growth strategies are confused with 52-page internal documents that spell out how often you’re going to blog, publish to social media, and push ad campaigns. The stuff of marketing plans. But think about this. Every second you’re not finding ways to directly benefit your customer base and audience is wasted effort. Because once the strategy is submitted, reviewed, and approved by your boss, it’s over. Now, instead of assuming responsibility for the results, you’ve passed it off on your boss. He or she now owns them, not you. In the bureaucracy, so long as you have a strategy, you’re safe. I see this happening all the time. Writing it down feels safe. But the problem with feeling safe is it becomes the goal rather than results. After you’ve spent a week or more in documentation mode, all that’s left is working the strategy. But in the digital landscape, what’s the likelihood said strategy will be viable three months from now? This is the primary fault line in the marketing-plan mindset. Ready for the good news? You can become a superhuman marketer by merging the best of growth hacking and content marketing. The Three Constraints Growth hacking is about turning clever tactics into fast-paced growth. Content marketing is about creating, publishing, and sharing valuable content with your audience to convert traffic into customers. But as we saw in chapter one, with its rising popularity, content marketing alone may not be enough. This means marketers need to take a page from the growth hacker’s playbook. We need to become content hackers. A content hacker is a results-or-die! marketer who merges agile growth tactics with high-converting content to achieve rapid 10x growth. And they never stop doing this. All you need to start are the three constraints: One Metric that Matters + Goal + Timeline = Content Hacker One Metric that Matters The first constraint is focus. Content hackers doggedly pursue growing one, and only one, metric. It’s the gas pedal to slam on- the one metric that will accelerate your business more than any other. Goal The second constraint is specificity. Content hackers set specific goals for measuring the one metric that matters. They’re not looking for â€Å"more† users or â€Å"increased† revenue. They are dead-set on a $100,000 increase in monthly sales. Content hackers set hard numbers to reverse engineer from. Timeline The third constraint is speed. Content hackers define a clear timeline for when their goal will be a reality. It’s a specific month, day, and year. And ideally, it’s much shorter than what sounds safe or comfortable. And there you have it. The three constraints are your new documented marketing strategy; and the tactics and communication between your team remains fluid. People are usually stunned by this. But it’s the happy truth. It’s neither complex nor gangly. Instead, it’s simple, messy in the middle, and effective in the end. We hope you realize that you can do this, too. That doubling your sales, tripling your email list, or increasing users tenfold isn’t outside of your grasp. And even better, you can start sprinting toward 10x growth in the time it takes you to drink a cup of coffee. This infographic will give you a peek inside their inner psyche and help you become a content hacker. The Tweetable  Characteristics Of A  Content Hacker The #ContentHacker doesnt see product/market fit, he sees content/audience fit #contentmarketing The #ContentHacker eats, sleeps, and drinks blog growth #contentmarketing An opportunistic #ContentHacker turns contacts into connections #contentmarketing Where a #GrowthHacker sees scale, a #ContentHacker sees sustainability #contentmarketing The #ContentHacker eats data and only settles for moving the needle forward  #contentmarketing An SEO-minded #ContentHacker has been leveraging the search base since 1991  #contentmarketing Viral growth can be manufactured if youre a real #ContentHacker  #contentmarketing

Understanding Organisations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Understanding Organisations Management - Essay Example Understanding Organisations Management Ritzer compares society today to a have adopted the characteristics of such a fast food chain. While sociologists like Weber viewed political systems like bureaucracy to explain the shift in society, Ritzer uses the example of a fast food place. He claims it to be far more representative of the contemporary paradigm into which society has shifted today. The concept is better described by the four terms employed by Ritzer himself. They are used to better understand and explain this concept. These four terms are vital to determine the reliability and efficiency of any organization. The first of this is efficiency. Ritzer emphasizes the importance of this term. It represents the optimal technique that can be employed to succeed in any task. However, efficiency is not just a technique used to bring optimum results. Ritzer prefers it to have a very specific meaning which in intoned with entire concept of Mcdonaldization.This means the speed with which the individual is able to move from one point to another. This is evident in the service provided by Mcdonalds. It aims to satisfy its customer's hunger in the least amount of time possible. Thus, they work to remove hunger and achieve full satisfaction in a limited period of time. This idea of efficiency is ever dominant in the establishment that works to fulfill its customers need in the shortest period possible. In this way, the work of an organization is thought to be one that allows an individual to gain results in the shortest time instead. Another term employed by Mcdonaldization is calculability. This mode ensures that the individual uses data that can be quantified rather than ones than are subjective. In this mode, an organization has to pay attention to the numerical and statistics rather than tastes and behavior. In this formula, quantity is seen as another term for quality. This idea makes sense when compared to the work done at a fast food chain. In this organization, if food is provided at a fast rate, the quality ceases to matter. In other words, by providing a large quantity of food within a short span of time, the individual ensures that the consumer assumes it to be of the highest quality. This is because individuals are conditioned to compare how much quantity they receive to the money they paid for it. The organization works to ensure its consumer s that they receive a large amount of goods for a small quantity that they have paid. In return, the consumer automatically assumes this to be the best quality available. This concept can also be employed for workers. According to Ritzer, the employee is judged by the degree of work they can produce in the workplace. This is contrary to the kind or quality of work they produce, which assumes secondary importance. The Mcdonaldization of Society also speaks of the predictability. This can be meant to explain the standardization of services that are present within society. The concept is further ensued in the idea of uniformity in the services that are given by an organization to its consumers. Working against the idea of Mcdonalds, Ritzer shows how the consumer at the fast food chain can expect the same service to be provided to them, no matter which outlet of this food enterprise they visit. Once again, this concept is not unique to

Character & Theme in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Essay

Character & Theme in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein - Essay Example So, the intriguing plot development begins in the Arctic Circle as the symbol of mystery and unpredictability. The time when the novel was written was that of rapid scientific explorations. As well as many other young men, Victor Frankenstein was fond of natural scientific researches and decided to devote himself to the science. But he did not just scientific experiments, but he decided to transform living substance from the dead one! Victor Frankenstein's explorations were based on medieval alchemists' researches which tried to prove that resuscitation is possible and a human being can be immortal. Alchemists provided such experiments but nevertheless their dream wasn't realized. But the people's dream of resuscitation and transformation of lifeless substance was and is still survived, and this aspiration is eloquently reflected in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. In the spirit of Enlightenment, Victor Frankenstein tried to explore the human nature. He was sure that scientific reason can surpass God, and he made his supernatural experiments intending to bring scientific benefit to the mankind. The spirit of Enlightenment appealed liberty, including human liberty from God, and Frankenstein wanted to realise this idea, but he transformed this idea into the idea of artificial intelligence. It was a popular philosophical idea, and it still survives today, in our century of genetic engineering. But that time Victor Frankenstein used less effective scientific methods than we do today: he used electricity. Experiments with electricity were very popular in the 18th and the 19th century, and many scientists tried to apply it in many realms, including medicine. The experiments with electricity were widely used in medicine as the demonstration showing that frog leg can jolt under the influence of electricity - Victor Frankenstein decided to use this technology for resuscitation. He imagined himself as a great scientist who is able to surpass God and create new life using scientific methods: "So much has been done, exclaimed the soul of Frankenstein--more, far more, will I achieve; t reading in the steps already marked, I will pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation" (Chapter 3). In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein the old idea of aspiration of man superiority over nature is clearly visible. Alchemists and different scientific experimenters always aspired to surpass nature and place a man over nature, and they didn't reflect possible consequences. Victor Frankenstein realised the danger, nevertheless he went on. But later he found that his creature is not as ideal as he had planned. The monster was ugly, and nobody could see it without fear, and even his creator couldn't look at him without fear: "I had gazed on him while unfinished; he was ugly then, but when those muscles and joints were rendered capable of motion, it became a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived" (Chapter 5). What was Victor's purpose to create his monster It was an ambition of a man who tried to use his experiments to demonstrate the power of science and the power of humans over nature. Victor internalized his monster, and then

The Construction of News Essay Example for Free

The Construction of News Essay What makes the use of visual and verbal strategies in news construction so important? The answer has to do with the fact that what makes any good news item attractive is its ability to capture and retain the attention of the audience. There are many ways you can use to get your audiences attention, but visual and verbal strategies have been tested and proven to be the most effective. Any news item in the print media, radio or television, however news worthy it might be, will not be taken with the seriousness it deserves if visual and verbal cues are not used. The human mind reacts to more readily to statements which are accompanied by powerful verbal and visual connotations than it does blank, or what Simmons calls ‘imageless’ statements. News papers utilise pictures as a means of capturing attention. Televisions on the other hand make use of moving images, or what is commonly known as video. Pictures speak a thousand words, moving images speak millions. Images, whether still or moving, are indispensable in the media industry. These are not only appealing to the eye and/or ears, but they also help the reader, viewer and listener to grasp the message better. Television journalists usually use videos taken from the source area of the news material. It would be very monotonous and even tiring if TV news lacked live shots of their news. These videos serve the same purpose as picture serve in newspapers. They are a powerful means of capturing and retaining the audience’s attention. War scenes have always had more impact on the viewer because of the images used. The coverage of the war in Iraq managed to elicit a lot of strong, albeit differing views and emotions. This can be attributed to the effectiveness of the kind of images that were used by news channels in broadcasting this news. According to Pfau and Haigh, the use of images in television war stories is very influential. They say that television news provides viewers with a â€Å"front row seat to view combat†. In other words, it gives the audience a feeling of presence, like they are a part of the combat out there in the battle field. Abrahams argues that television news communicates more emotion than other news venues. This tendency is even more pronounced with graphic images of war which he says are â€Å"among the most powerful visuals known to humankind Not all images taken from a scene are used in the final news item. The images are usually edited to suit the needs of the audience. Dramatic images often make interesting news material and video journalists will always strive to the best part of a video clip to show to the audience. This kind of news presentation has been criticised in the past for being partial. Brown, in his Video Aid techniques book, says that news makers usually look out for the most bizarre, which also happens to be the most negative part of a video shootage to use in their news. This has a way of making people misunderstand a situation. For example, many news channels, while covering the Iraq war, usually depicted the brutality of the terrorist insurgents over civilians, yet they failed to report the brutality of some of the American soldiers to the same civilians. Many people thought that the Iraqis actually liked all the American soldiers and yet the situation on the ground was far much different. Film and television have also had a big role to play in how images are used in the other news media. The pictures used in newspapers and magazines reflect what the reader had already watched in a film or on television news. The pictures that journalists use are put in such a way that the message they contain will be reinforced in the readers’ mind. News broadcasters also use creative language to hold their audience’s interest in a particular news story. They do not use the normal street language, nor do they confine themselves to the formal language. Rather, they construct their news in such a way that the words they use are appealing to the listener. The verbal strategies have to be used hand in hand with appropriate non-verbal cues in order to achieve to the maximum, the desired effect. Radio journalists only have their voices to rely on when presenting news to their audience. They usually use sophisticated, yet understandable languages. They have to use high levels of creativity since their presentation is only verbal. In most cases, journalists are able to present a news item to the listener in such a way that the listener feels like he/she is part of the events happening in the news. Images in the news media are also important in the presentation of societal norms and expectations. The media, most often than not, depicts what is happening in the society. Therefore, many news editors prefer to use images that people can relate to or are used to. Conclusion Journalists have had a major role to play in writing and reproducing major occurrences in the history of human kind. Today, it is possible to get a video clip from the Second World War due to a journalist’s efforts. It is also possible to access newspaper articles from long as the 1800s. There are many images depicting past events that should never be forgotten. These are preserved in various museums and media houses for posterity. Therefore, it can be said that journalist have over the years utilised the development of images to preserve the history of humankind. Journalists have also used visual and verbal strategies to showcase the social injustices that are plaguing much of the world today. It is through the images presented in our media that we are able to appreciate and grasp what is happening around us. The media showed the world what was happening in Darfur, and the world was able to act fast to avoid another Rwanda episode. The famous photographer, Mohammed Ali, received worldwide acclaim for highlighting the Ethiopian famine which was killing hundreds of people in Ethiopia. Though journalists have used images for the good of people who are viewing them, there needs to be some regulation on how they present these images. For instance, they should use images that show both sides of the story in order to avoid misplaced understanding among the audience.

Divorce Impacts a Child Emotionally, Mentally and Academically Essays

Divorce Impacts a Child Emotionally, Mentally and Academically Over 60 percent of couples seeking a divorce have children still living at home. ( 6) What some parents don’t realize when they file for a divorce is the great impact that it will have on their kids. Divorce affects children in many ways. It affects kids emotionally and causes them to experience feelings such as fear, loss, anger and confusion. Divorce also hurts a child’s academic achievement. Children whose parents divorce generally have poorer scores on tests and a higher dropout rate. (3) Children react differently yet similarly in divorce. Every child caught up in the distress of divorce has a hard time coping with it and imagining their life without a parent. Their anxiety levels peak as they feel they are going to be abandoned. They experience feelings of loneliness due to the loss of the other parent. Different children go through these emotions at different levels and at different times depending on the child’s age. How bad or how well children handle the divorce depends on how the situation is handled. It can throw the child's entire life into a whirlwind. Young children, up to age five or six, are the most confused and the most disoriented by their parents’ separation. They often fear they are going to be abandoned by their parents, which causes great anxiety. The loss of a parent is extremely sad to a child of this age because they feel that their needs are not going to be attended to as well as they had before, when their needs are not going to be attended to as well as they had before, when their family was together. Many of the children in this group are worried that they will be left without a family or their parents might have money troubles and they will be deprived of food and toys. These thoughts that children of this age have cause them to have feelings of guilt, being unloved and fear of being alone. Some children will be extremely sad and show signs of depression and even sleeplessness. They might feel rejected by the parent who left and think that it is all their fault, that they weren’t good children and th eir parents stopped loving them. They also sometimes have increased tantrums, or may cry more easily than usual. Children at this age may develop physical complaints, like headaches, or stomachaches due to this depressing situation and time they are going thr... ...ng up in a single-parent home (usually female-headed) is seven times as likely to be a delinquent. The rate of violent crime and burglary is related to the number of single parent households with children aged twelve to twenty. (1)In a new study of 72 adolescent murders and 35 adolescent thieves, researches for Michigan State University demonstrated that the overwhelming majority of teenage criminals live with only one parent. Fully 75 percent of those charged with homicide had parents who were either divorced or had never been married at all.( 5) So, in conclusion, divorce is very bad for children. It ruins their lives and happiness. Losing a parent destroys a child emotionally, mentally and even academically. They would rather live with both parents because both of them are an important part of their lives. Two parents are better than one! Bibliography: 1) http://www.alfra.org/risks2.htm 2) http://www.canadianparents.com/articles/feature08b.htm 3) http://www.divorcereform.org/crime.html 4) http://www.ksu.edu/psych/bartel/adolescence/divorce-yes.html 5) http://www.theallengroup.com/members/Fr_flammer.html 6) http://www.womentodaymagazine.com/family/kidsdivorce.html

Texting Phenomena

Interpersonal communication is vital to humans and is used in everyday situations. â€Å"Interpersonal communication refers to face-to-face communication between people† (35), according to West and Turner (2007), authors of Introducing Communication Theories. West and Turner explain that exploring how relationships form, the upholding and continuation of these relationships, and the end of relationships, are the main characteristics of interpersonal context.Interpersonal communication began as face-to-face communication between two people, but as technology advanced, it expanded to include new communicative technologies such as telephone calls, email, instant messaging, chats, social media networks, and text messaging. Text messaging through cells phones, also known as texting or SMS (Short Message Service), is a form of interpersonal communication that can be represented through the Linear Model of Communication: A message is sent from a source to a receiver through a channel , which may be interrupted by some form of noise.Texts are person-to-person messages received from and sent to known individuals. Text messaging provides a one-to-one, personalized, and individuating social medium (Reid and Reid, 2007). The phenomena of text messaging, has researchers and scholars questioning whether this new communication technology adds or takes away from interpersonal communication and people’s learned communication skills. Review of Literature Texting as a New Phenomenon of Communication Everyday social arrangements and interpersonal contact are now routinely affected by mobile technology (Conti-Ramsden, Durkin, and Simkin, 2010).As opposed to 15 years ago, today’s youth have a greater variety of options to choose from when communicating with their peers. â€Å"Communication, via cell phone and the internet, are now widely available and very popular with the young† (Conti-Ramsden, Durkin, and Simkin, 2010, 197). The global cell phone market now stands at approximately 1. 8 billion subscribers, and is estimated to reach 3 billion by the end of 2010, by which time nearly half of all human beings on the planet are expected to own and use a cell phone (Reid and Reid, 2007).A recent survey of 2,000 teenagers in the United States revealed that 80% of teens, or approximately 17 million young people, have a cell phone. 96% of those teens use the texting function, and of that 96%, 1 out of 10 teens say that they text for 45 minutes a day (Conti-Ramsden, Durkin, and Simkin, 2010). Over 900 billion messages were sent in 2005, with expectations that this will rise to more than two trillion messages in 2010 (Deumert and Masinyana, 2008). Text messaging has become a common means of keeping in constant touch with peers, especially among young people all over the world.The phenomenon of texting is continuing to increase, raising substantial awareness of the â€Å"new† texting language. Researchers are proposing to treat electro nic communication as a distinct mode of intermediate communication, in between the oral and the written medium (Fandrych, 2007). According to Ingrid Fandrych (2007), author of Electronic Communication and Technical Terminology, â€Å"Online conversation takes place on the written level, while using specific stylistic conventions which are very similar to oral communication, especially abbreviations of frequently used phrases and emoticons to replace facial expressions† (148).Fandrych (2007) claims that acronyms, blends, and clippings are responsible for the characteristic style of Internet English, and that offline usage is increasingly influenced by Internet usage (148). Some new and creative word formations have even found their way into everyday usage including the acronyms â€Å"btw† (by the way) and â€Å"ttyl† (talk to you later), as well as the blending of certain words like â€Å"all right† into â€Å"alright. † Fandrych (2007) predicts som e changes in general (â€Å"off-line†) English due to texting language as well (151).People â€Å"talk† via text messages: using the keyboard, they make use of abbreviations, they omit non-content words, and they do not capitalize. Fandrych (2007) explains that: Electronic interlocutors replace contextual cues which would have been present in face-to-face communication with abbreviations and emoticons, which are, of course, consciously employed and sometimes intended to entertain, a feature which internet English shares with other jargons and in-group registers (151).Electronic communication, as a medium, shares characteristics with the written language and the oral language. Letters and symbols are used through typing which are displayed on a screen, but at the same time, it is very informal and conversational which replaces the linguistic context with special cues that do not exist in the traditional written mode (Fandrych, 2007, 151). Text language is neither identi cal to speech nor writing, but adaptively features characteristics of both.Fandrych (2007) titles this electronic communication language as â€Å"Netspeak,† and categorizes it as a fourth medium alongside written, spoken, and sign language (152). Communication through text is informal and characterized by new elements. Fandrych (2007) concludes that the electronic medium can be considered to constitute a separate level, between the spoken and the written modes and overlapping, to some extent, with both of them (152).The new texting phenomenon not only creates a new form of language between oral and written mediums, but it also develops a globalized texting standard. English language texts produced by bilingual speakers share many of the features which have been reported for English SMS communication internationally, and provide evidence for what one might call a global English SMS standard (Deumert and Masinyana, 2008). English messages are strongly represented in all communi cative functions of text messaging by bilingual individuals.Deumert and Masinyana (2008), co-authors of, The use of English and isiXhosa in text messages (SMS), study how English is combined with isiXhosa, one of the official languages of South Africa, in text messages between native South Africans. Deumert and Masinyana state that â€Å"The historical and continuing dominance of English on the world-wide-web has supported the popular belief that the language of electronic communication in general is English, and in some cases, English can replace a user’s first language in this medium† (123).In studies focusing on bilingual texting, most messages were written in English combined with the local language. Researchers concluded that there is the existence of a global English SMS norm because of brevity and speed, paralinguistic restrictions with the medium and local language, and the restriction of texting characters (Deumert and Masinyana, 2008). The phenomenon of texti ng has transformed individual’s lives by creating the possibility of being in constant communication at all times, as well as creating a tendency towards cross-cultural homogeny.Texting as a Negative Form of Communication Although texting provides the opportunity for constant and immediate contact with others, it tends to have a displacing effect on face-to-face communication. Similar to face-to-face communication, texting allows for conversational turn-taking, but excludes intonations, emotions, and the ability to send long messages. Llana Gershon (2008), author of, Email my Heart: Remediation and Romantic Break-Ups, performed a study looking at how Americans are experiencing and using new technologies to end relationships.Gershon (2008) discusses, through the use of American college student’s break-up narratives, the ways in which certain social media create new possibilities for disconnecting with others (15). Although a break-up may be happening, an individual has the opportunity through text messaging to hold separate or multiple conversations simultaneously with the break-up. This takes away from the personal aspect of intimate relationships and tends to enforce the displacement of face-to-face communication.Teens especially use instant messaging and texting in particular as substitutes for face-to-face communication with people from their physical lives, therefore, feeling less psychologically close to their instant messaging and texting partners (Subrahmanyam and Greenfield, 2008). This may also damage the emotional quality of a relationship. Online interactions lack important features of face-to-face communication, such as gestures, eye contact, and body language, making them less rich than offline interactions (Subrahmanyam and Greenfield, 2008).Although texting is still communication, social anxiety and anti-social behaviors can be an effect of the lack face-to-face communication with teens today. â€Å"Reports in the press and survey s from parents find points of view that range from exuberant, discussing how socially-interactive technologies can save youth from social isolation and depression, to alarming, focusing on how constant use of these technologies fosters anti-social behavior† (Bryant, Sanders-Jackson, and Smallwood, 2006, 557).The reality is that texting and other forms of social technology lie between these two extremes. A recent survey revealed that cell phone owners declaring a generalized preference for texting on their cell phones were both lonelier and more anxious than those who preferred talking (Reid and Reid, 2007). People who have social anxiety will not come to terms with their fears without experiencing face-to-face communication and, as an effect, use texting as a divergent, to kill time or avoid some other activity.Texting allows users to disengage from the demands of immediate interactive involvement, releasing time and attentional resources to compose and edit messages (Reid and Reid, 2007). Although texting may be an outlet and a preferred mode of communication for people with anxiety problems, it also may give others a false sense of the persons’ real personality. Along with peers, there is a growing concern that adolescents’ extensive use of electronic communication to interact with their peers may impair their relations with their parents, siblings, and other family members (Subrahmanyam and Greenfield, 2008).Subrahmanyam and Greenfield (2008) show how peer relationships are being enhanced at the expense of family relationships in an example role of technology in modern family life: When the working spouse, usually the father, came through the door at the end of the day, the other spouse and children were often so absorbed in what they were doing that they greeted him only about one-third of the time, usually with an obligatory â€Å"hi. † About half the time, children ignored him and continued multitasking and monitoring their var ious electronic gadgets (135).Parents are having a much harder time breaking into their children’s world because of the distance and privacy established through text messaging. Teens are using cell phones to institute generational boundaries, such as screening calls from parents into voicemail, as well as undermining family rituals, such as mealtimes and vacations (Subrahmanyam and Greenfield, 2008). Cell phones give adolescents the power to control the people with whom they talk and have more room into which they can share thoughts freely and privately from their family members.The landmarks of the electronic transformation stage include greater teen autonomy, the decline of face-to-face communication, enhancement of peer group relations at the possible expense of family relations, and greater teen choice (Subrahmanyam and Greenfield, 2008). According to Raymond Williams (1997), author of Mobile Privatization, new technologies only serve to further aggravate the modern human condition of â€Å"mobile privatized social relations† (129). This seems to be a concern that is provoked further by new mobile communication technologies with people talking of â€Å"detached presence† (Lin and Tong, 2007). Adolescent’s constant use of mobile communication can be seen as a symptom of a general loss of human connectivity in the modern condition† (Lin and Tong, 2007, 305). Texting as a Positive Form of Communication Although many studies have shown the negative effects of text messaging, other research has shown that this new form of communication has positive aspects as well. Text messaging is a form of communication that has many uses: coordinating plans, multi-tasking, friendship maintenance, information, and romantic relationships. Text messages are convenient, immediate, less disturbing, and have no constraints.Since there are so many communicative functions, text messaging has become a common means of keeping in constant touch, espec ially among young people in many parts of the world today (Lin and Tong, 2007). Today’s youth use text messaging especially to keep in touch and maintain either close or distant relationships. Recent research studies have explored how text messaging can offer a sense of intimacy between friends as well as between strangers. This is especially appealing to youth because they can be bonded to all of their social networks through one device. The virtual presence (or ‘absent presence’) of ‘persons elsewhere’ through mobile communication facilitates networking, deeper relationships, or simply increased contact. People who are physically far away can be brought into immediate cyber presence† (Lin and Tong, 2007, 305). Mobile texting allows people to be in constant social contact, which therefore gives them a sense of co-presence at all times. Lin and Tong (2007) explain that text messaging has created new kinds of modalities for co-presence and commu nication, which contributes to a sense of virtual intimacy (305).Text messages, rather than standard telephone calls, allow for total individual communication; there is no chance of anyone overhearing the conversation and thus supports a sense of security and privacy. It is appealing because the text is expected to reach a specific person directly, no matter where they are or the time of day. This form of communication is very popular between adolescents and their peers because they feel as if they can communicate privately, not under the supervision of their parents.Teens travel between their homes, school and nearby places that are all under a high degree of regulation by adults. â€Å"Mobile text messaging has thus fulfilled an important function which provides a sense of co-presence for young people who lack the means to share some private physical space free from adults’ surveillance† (Lin and Tong, 2007, 306). Because this form of communication is relatively free from adult supervision, teens often use texting to maintain romantic relationships as well as friendships.A study found that texting is used to negotiate â€Å"gender relations,† especially among couples (Lin and Tong, 2007). For instance, after a fight, couples may not want to directly speak to each other or hear one’s voice, but texting avoids the embarrassment of making romantic advances or even when saying ‘no’ to these advances. The informants of the study also expressed the fact that some messages are highly private and very meaningful, which can be saved and stored in the mobile device.Since the conversation remains private, even in public location ns, individuals tend to reveal more about their emotional selves through texts. Thus, youth text messaging end on an optimistic note about the positive uses of SMS by young people for gaining freedom from surveillance by adults and for negotiating subtle gender relations (Lin and Tong, 2007). Relationshi ps can actually be strengthened through text messaging because of its convenience, intimacy, and privacy among users. Another strength of text messaging is that it allows people to keep in touch with friends who are separated by physical boundaries.Although other forms of communication such as telephone, email, and written letters allow people separated by distance to keep in touch as well, texting allows both sender and receiver to keep in contact at both of their conveniences. The message is sent and received immediately regardless if the other person is â€Å"online. † It allows for multi-tasking while holding other conversations or tasks, and also is less disturbing, by far, than other forms of communication such as phone calls or face-to-face communication.While people may interact frequently in person with people who are in their lives every day, it may not be possible to meet other friends, family, or acquaintances face-to-face on a regular basis. To fill in-person com munication gaps, people used text messaging to stay connected and make plans to meet when convenient (Quan-Haase, 2007). Text messaging is a more suitable fit to maintaining distance relationships as opposed to other forms of communication.Aside from convenience, some people actually prefer text messaging because it gives them a chance to think about what they want to say, which is not always possible during face-to-face communication. â€Å"Text messaging gives people time to think about the wording of their messages, allowing them to be more informal and candid, even with close friends† (Reid and Reid, 2007, 425). Some people, due to SMS and other forms of text based communication, even develop an entirely separate, â€Å"brave SMS self,† which contrasts with their more reserved real-life personality (Reid and Reid, 2007).Text messaging can be used as an outlet to help expand communication and closeness with peers. For instance, in an essay that discusses the relatio nship between texting and social anxiety, Donna Reid and Fraser Reid (2007) write: By delaying or eliminating the audience reactions that normally accompany real-time spoken interaction, SMS may offer anxious individuals a way of making social contact without fear of immediate disapproval or rejection, allowing attention to be refocused away from the observer’s perspective and towards the composition of messages that more effectively achieve self-presentational goals (425).Interactive media, such as texting, allow people to individuate themselves, communicate with peers, and accomplish stages of intimate contact that they could not achieve in other interactional settings. Research Questions Texting helps maintain social relationships in modern society, and affords resources to achieve a sense of co-presence and intimacy with both existing friends and new acquaintances, while avoiding having to deal with face-to-face interaction or the intrusive disturbance of a phone call (Li n and Tong, 2007).Although texting may be a convenient source of communication that is direct, individualized, and private, it also may be taking away from the importance of face-to-face, interpersonal communication. If people are relying on a text based communication exchange, they are not experiencing or learning interactional conversations involving tonal inflection, reactions, and especially body language. Nonverbal communication is a big part of interpersonal communication because it shows the reaction of the individual after receiving the message, therefore giving the sender a form of feedback that strengthens the communication process.As technology continues to advance, there is rising concern that social, interactional, and communication skills of today’s youth and future generations will consequently decline. As a result, this study will address the following questions: RQ1: Is texting taking away from or adding to interpersonal communication and individual’s learned communication skills? RQ2: Will texting affect how children and adolescents communicate with one another? RQ3: Do people rely on texting to fulfill their emotional, psychological, and other forms of needs as opposed to other types of communicative technology or face-to-face communication?

Importance of Historical Perspectives Essay

The organised use of labour or Management as we now call it, is as old as time. However it was only in the 19th century that management and the idea of management thought emerged as an important element of political, economic and social development. I believe that historical perspectives have been critically important to the development of management thought through the centuries. Management ideas have been developed out of social and cultural circumstances, over time the social and cultural circumstances have radically changed and developed but the principle of management and management thought has been slow in keeping up with these developments. From my reading, I would argue that there have been three main phases that have fundamentally shaped management thought since ancient times. These phases are; the early autocratic management approach, the change in management thought following the reformation and thirdly, the new work practices required to support the industrial revolution. From my research, it is evident that major historical events have also had an important role to play in the development of different management styles and structures. In ancient times, management of people was purely autocratic. Many of the work force in these times were slaves. This early practise of management seen in ancient Egypt, continued through to feudal times. It was very effective in supporting some of the great construction projects which ancient Egypt is famous for, such as the building of the pyramids, the irrigation of the Nile and the building of the tombs in the Valley of the Kings. Similarly in ancient China, the building of the Great Wall of China. These great works provide us with evidence of a very organised and autocratic approach to the use of labour and also project management skills . This early autocratic period of management was heavily dominated by cultural values such as; fear of punishment, fear of god, where people had no sense of individual achievement and they could only look forward to a better life after death. This form of management continued through the middle ages and in these non-industrialised circumstances there was no â€Å"no need to develop a formal body of management thought†(Wren & Bedeian, 2011: 37) As long as society was dominated by fear and oppression this form of management was sustained. As long as Christianity and the divine right of kings maintained their hold on society, management thought could not evolve and develop. However, these feudal times where religion was invincible and demanded total subservience ere coming to an end. The crusades were a major catalyst for change in these times and by weakening the strength of the catholic church they were the beginning of a cultural rebirth which led to the protestant reformation. With the reformation came the protestant work ethic which I would argue has transcended the history of management and has fundamentally changed work practises opening the door to completely different and new management styles and structures. Prior to this commerce was viewed as an evil that corrupted peoples’ minds and the idea of trade could undermine the obedience demanded by the catholic church. Max Weber in â€Å"the protestant ethic and spirit of capitalism† urges strongly that the spirit of capitalism grew out of Protestantism and the protestant work ethic. (Wren & Bedeian, 2011: 26) It is clear that the transformation in attitudes in society due to the reformation brought with it the need for new management structures which would support creativity and competitiveness. These changes did not happen quickly, but they were pivotal in the fundamental shift to the organisation of labour being managed by many people and many different types of people rather than the autocratic few. These new managers began to think about personal gain and had to consider the best ways to achieve these gains. The shift to personal gain was accompanied by the strengthening of national economies in Europe and further afield as new countries and colonies were being discovered and established. The scene was being set for the industrial revolution. Historical perspectives were changing and along with them, new principles in management thought were emerging. Adam Smith was one of the evangelists of management thought during the early stages of the industrial revolution. One of Smith’s new thoughts on management was that the market economy would be se self regulating, that is to say that the market would be ruled by the â€Å"invisible hand†(Wren & Bedeian, 2011: 34). His other contribution were his thoughts on the division of labour culminating in the substantial productivity that the use of technology brought to replace human man power. Smith’s principles are fundamental to modern management thought. The industrial revolution brought with it the move from agrarian life to urban living. Production became large scale and the increasing number of factories coming into production demanded more managers who would have to be capable of successfully organising and managing all aspects of these new work places. There is no doubt that historical perspectives have been mportant in bringing about great changes for the better in management thought as evidenced by the evolution of the three phased covered herein. However I would conclude, that despite the advantages of having historical perspectives, society and the management of society does not really learn from these perspectives. I think this is well summarised in Will Durant’s quote in â⠂¬Å"the story of civilization part 1† where he states that â€Å" a nation is born stoic and dies epicurean†(Durant, 1935: 259). There is no clearer example of this than in Ireland today. We have spent centuries struggling against the autocratic management of Irish society both by the catholic church and by British rule. The adversity of these times was eventually replaced by the development of new management structures bringing with them creativity and competiveness. However, as with many developing societies and civilisations, with this development came affluence and opportunism which in turn undermined the integrity of these management structures. Like the Epicureans, poor thought was given to how this would impact tomorrow. So as in Greece and Rome, the lack of long term prudent management and the lack of learning from the historical perspectives on management thought have meant that we have not escaped the Epicurean death blow that has been rendered to Ireland.

buy custom Tragic Stories essay

buy custom Tragic Stories essay Jo Ann beard is an American essayist who graduated from University of Iowa. She works as an editor for a physics journal in the same university. Beard is also a professor at Sarah Lawrence College of creative nonfiction. Beard employs an effective writing style to depict tragic events in her essays. She implements a series of allegorical scenes that intertwine with one another. She uses metaphors and present tense in her works (the Fourth State of Matter and Maybe It happened) to relate events. Present tense is an uncommon and a shrewd way to relate events in a vivid way (Malone, 2011). The author cleverly draws its audience away from questioning his memory in relation to the occurrence. The author creates immediacy and the audience, who evidently, were not part what happened empathize with the author. They audience feel what the author went through at that moment. This paper aims to portray the similarity of The Fourth State of Matter to other works of Jo Ann Beard. It will also des cribe an effective style of relating tragic events to the audience, who did not experience the tragedy first hand. The fourth state of matter, and its relations to other works by the Author In her work, the author relates tragic events, in a faraway manner; as if it is a long bad dream that a victim hopes will never come out true. There is extensive use of metaphors in relating tragic events. In her work the Fourth state of Matter, the tragic events got related vividly by use of metaphors (Hansen, 2009). Beard began her essay by depicting her daily routine of caring for her dog and the daily frustrations of feeling a sense of helplessness. While her routine sharply strikes the audience as boring, it serves to show how actions serve as a consolation to her resigned life. The main character, her dog-the collie, is particularly intriguing all through the story. Hansen (2009) argues that the author might have used the dog as a metaphor to show how her life was going at that moment. The author depicted the collie as overly dependent on her. It cannot go upstairs, but only lies at the bottom and stares at the furniture. The author has to change the dogs bedding constantly as the dog pees on them. Again, this seems to sum up the life of Beard. The audience clearly pictures the author attending to the dog with pity. The dog may as well represent her husband in a profound manner. She admits to Chris, her colleague at work that her husband was dumping her. The void left could only be filled by daily routine of work, whether dull or engaging. She hopes things would turn round for her, but on the contrary, there seems no hope. Her reaction to the message she found in the answering machine at the office shows her state of despair. The first of her husbands calls made her heart lurched with hopeful way. Her hope however gets diminished when in the second call her husband tells her he was fine. She recounts how she has to put the dog to sleep. Chris- her colleague- wonders why she is letting this continue. We could argue that Beard allowed the problems she was experiencing to torment her. She talks to her husband who had abandoned her hoping to reconcile. The husband however, does not seem ready to get back as she hoped. Before she left for the office, she tells her dog to wake up and smell bacon becau se she was leaving forever. This might have been a way of empathizing with her husband when he said those words to her. It gave her the ultimate experience of her partner when he told her was quitting. The dog appears to be a culmination of her experiences after the separation (Olin, 2011). The statement I can take almost whatever thing at this point, tells us that the author had fully accepted her misgivings; a helpless dog that constantly required her attention and a husband, who had quit on her. Although the dog, being an animal, was expected not to realize the gravity of its actions, the contrary has been related to the reader. The dog showed concern and tried to stand, but the author rested those concerns by patting her. This illustrated the author as a caring and concerned person. She brings out her personality in such a witty manner. The squirrels on her house sent her sleeping downstairs on the dogs couch. One would wonder why he did not simply exterminate the squirrels rather than sleep with dogs on the couch. She however, claims that she sleeps there to calm the collie that gets restless whenever she got up. She finally decides to ask Caroline to rid her house of squirrels. Caroline is depicted as having a brave character. She finally got rid of the squirrels. The squirrels can be argued as being more than just squirrels. They could represent troublesome companions or noisy neighbours. After the tragic massacre, at the end of the essay, the author feels a surge of hope, when a branch scraped against her house. She listens and hopes that the little squirrels would return. Could the squirrels have been used to represent real people? People in her work place or community that bothered her? She admitted that she did not get along with Bob, her colleague at work. Lu is also another person who seems not to like Bear d. She greets him and sure to her expectation no reply came. The fact that she expected no reply from Lu means they might have had some differences. Her favourite colleague was Chris. She tries to console herself by deceiving her mind that Chris had escaped death in the tragedy. The phrase the never come back once theyre gone, in relation to the squirrels, show us how the departed go for good. It also contradicts the common notion that happiness sets in with the departure of those who make our lives hard. She missed the squirrels though they purely meant trouble to her. The statement could show how she missed her dead colleagues and how she hoped they would come back. Her work on Maybe it Happened is related to The Fourth State of Matter in that both use one tense. The latter uses present tense creating immediacy while the previous employs past tense. Both styles are useful in the situations surrounding each incidence. In the second incidence, the emotions surrounding what occurred could have overwhelmed the author if any other tense was used. The recount of the story would have not have been more real. She uses past tense in Maybe it Happened. She relates a story of a kid who ends up hurting herself from a fall at play. The babys elder cousins, who apparently got bored babysitting, left her. The elder children did not find the baby interesting and left her. Left to her own demise, the baby climbed on to a milk crate. The shrill of phone might have startled the kid who fell off the crate, hurting her knee in the process. The single tense helps develop tone and mood in a narrative. The tone changes when phone rang. The author wanted to show how lea ving a baby in the hands of children could end tragically. The act is brought out clearly through the use of events that follow each other. These acts can be used to warn or caution people on the occurrences of such tragic incidences. This is seen in the last paragraph when the author talks of girls playing the role of the mother, caring for a child, while mothers did other things. The girls were left to care for the baby while the mother got her hair done. The end results were tragic (Beard, 2008). A relation in her works is also brought about by styles used to write. The author uses styles including metaphors and similes. Metaphors were widely employed in her work The fourth State of Matter. Dogs and squirrels were more than just animals. They symbolized human beings to some extent. The author enlists the help of a friend to have the squirrels chased but later misses them after the tragedy. The squirrels having been troublesome may depict people who did not go well with the author. Their exit in the tragedy would however, leave the author lonely, hence missing them. The statement petting her, like a puppy, in Maybe it happened amounts to a simile. This style of writing helps the reader to see more clearly. The author ends her stories in a creative way that leaves the audience hoping that the tragedies never actually happened. The reason could lie in the fact that tragedies create a sad mood and the author in her ingenuity does not wish to leave her audience in that state. She therefore, creates some kind of doubt in the reader as to what happened. Doubt helps to lighten the heart and the reader hopes what had just been related did not actually happen. Chris is shown replying to the author in The Fourth State of Matter at the end. Doubt is created although we had been told that Chris had been killed. The closing statement in Maybe it Happened also creates a similar effect on the audience. There is order in the presentation of events by the author in her work. She does not literally jump from one point to another confusing her audience. The events that take the starting point could be seen as inconsequential to the final tragedy. This is however, not the case since the events play an important role. It helps the audience understand what happened in a more clear and organized way. The tragedy is therefore, presented in a more orderly way to the audience. The styles used to relate tragic events. The author related her experience more vividly using one tense throughout the narrative. The use of present tense helps the reader to associate with the events happening in the narrative and allows the author to pass the intended message more effectively. The style serves to create significance in the mundane experiences felt by many and universality in what occurred to a few. The broad issues under discussion are reduced to the specific events happening at that particular moment. Beard vividly relates her experiences in a mood that draws the reader into the events as though they were happening then. The author feels like it is happening to them rather than the writer. Her narratives create a deep interest in readers because of their uniqueness. The audience cannot help but pity Beard in the Fourth state of Matter as she relates her routine and her resigned attitude. She does nothing to change the problems she is facing. She allows the reader to feel and hear as the story unfolds; th e boring routine of having to attend to a sickly dog, the anxiety of separation and the final massacre. The style brings immediacy to her recount of the tragedy that befell her at work place. This tense helped show the reader what really happened in what would otherwise be an unfathomable occurrence. The intensity of her tragedy does not escape the audience. The directness of the tense makes the reader to focus attaching them to the current issues. Her narration is so elusive that the message may escape a reader who is not keen. Malone (2011) notes that present tense helps develop a closer relationship and intimacy between the reader and the story. The reader is forced into experiencing events that happened long ago at that moment. This helps in passing the messsage that the author intended to relate effectively. This style of using a single tense is also seen in her work Maybe It Happened. The author employed past tense to relate how the babys play tragically ended in an accident. Past tense was used all through relating how, left to her own, the baby climbed on a crate of milk and ended falling with the result that she hurt her knee. Malones work on The First Week of After used this style extensively to relate the tragic event that befell the couple. She uses present perfect tense for her bigger part of her work to effectively pass her message. Her husband got diagnosed with cancer, a terminal disease. The audience may not immediately understand the pain that one goes through when a partner is diagnosed with such a disease. This style brings immediacy to the reader. It develops a feeling that the narrative was written as it unfolded. The experience becomes more relatable to the audience than the actual victim. It helps the reader to actually feel and understand what the narrator went throug h. The reader feels like they are part and parcel of the events that are happening. The use of metaphors implicitly compares two things that might not be related. Metaphors assert that one subject is the same as another, completely unrelated, by comparison. The dog, which is the major character in her work the Fourth State of Matter, can be seen as a metaphor. In the literal meaning, the dog has taken the position of her husband. It has to be attended to, frequently. The dog also becomes restless when the author leaves the room. Its bedding has to be changed when she pees on them. This creates a scenario applicable to an invalid husband in the care of a loving and caring wife. One is left wondering whether the author dutifully attended to the dog out of pity or whether she did it out of fantasy. Perhaps she did it exaggeratedly because she did not have any person to attend to after her husband left her. In her work The longest Night: saying goodbye to my beloved pet, the author relates how she could not come to terms with the fact that her dogs condition could not b e treated. She does not agree with the vet who suggested that the pets life would have to terminate if its condition did not change. This could be seen as a protective behaviour only given to humans who suffer terminally. The void created by her husbands departure was so big that she was reduced to talking to the dogs. Before she left for office, she tells the dog to wake up and smell bacon because she was leaving for good. This scenario could as well show the reader how the drama that led to the authors separation with her husband actually happened. She played the role of a callous husband suddenly stating that he was leaving never to return. The audience is drawn into the saga feeling nothing but pure pity for the deserted. The squirrels could have represented neighbours whose endless squabbles gave one no peace of mind. They became lively at night and heir noises could not give her peace of mind. The tone in the essay the Fourth State of Matter moves in one single direction for most part of the narration. We could only describe it as a monotone. The audience does not immediately realize that the events being related are part of a tragic happening. The audience does not a major thing to happen later when her daily routine becomes the beginning. The audience cannot help but sympathize for her at the beginning. This voice however changes near the end when Beard saw the letter that Gang Lu wrote before the massacre. The tone shifts and gets psychic before Lu committed the heinous act. The readers perspective immediately changes and they feel precisely as the author had at that time. This makes the climax a little more appalling. from all orders made by people you bring! Your people also get 17% discount on their first order The use of similes is also helpful in relating and making the reader to see how tragic events occurred. In her work Maybe It happened, the author says the elder children got bored with nothing to play with except a little kid who had just sat therewhile they were petting her, like a puppy. This style can be employed effectively in relating events. It helps the reader to see more clearly what the author intended to relate. Conclusion Conclusively, it can be argued that Jo Ann Beards works interrelate. Her works clearly indicate that the style chosen should suit the occasion in accounting terribly tragic events. This is shown in all the works of art. Her shrewd way of presenting tragic stories leaves the audience appalled. Her style of writing powerfully draws the audience into the narrative and creates immediacy. Use of present tense is extensive in her works (Beard, 1996). This is a powerful but rare style in literature. Its use could be helpful in relating events whose memories would overwhelm an author during a normal dialogue. It also helps to present what occurred in a systematic way leaving no detail behind. The audience also feels relatable to the ordeal than the victim. Right from the start the reader feels part of the narrative. Present tense is very powerful in relating tragic events even though it is very rare. Beard sets the mood and the tone of her narratives right from the start. The tone is constan tly monotone in the Fourth State of Matter. The tone shifts near the end as she relates the final horrendous ordeal. It is important to create a certain mood and vary tones of a narrative at appropriate points in order to capture the interest of the audience. Metaphors can also be very powerful when relating occurrences. Buy custom Tragic Stories essay